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Empresas Forestales Comunitarias en Países Forestales Tropicales: Situación Actual y en Potencia Augusta Molnar, Rights and Resources et al
Publicaciones e informes
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The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Facilitating the weakening of indigenous peoples' rights to lands and resources - Forest Peoples Programme
There are key shortcomings in the draft Charter and background documents for the World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, including failure to provide for full participation from indigenous peoples, lack of consultation to-date, and failure to include commitments to upholding human rights.
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Environmental Governance and the Emergence of Forest-Based Social Movements Peter Cronkleton, Peter Leigh Taylor, Deborah Barry, Samantha Stone-Jovicich, Marianne Schmink - CIFOR
This occasional paper is based on the results of a three-year project examining the emergence of forest-based grassroots movements in Latin America. The project focused on four noteworthy cases in Central America and Brazil, each representing ‘successful’ broad-based collective action to defend local control and use of forest lands. |
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Forest Governance in Countries with Federal Systems of Government Lessons and implications for decentralization Arnoldo Contreras-Hermosilla, Hans M. Gregersen, Andy White - CIFOR, Forest Trends, Rights and Resources
This study examines the experience of federal countries in managing their decentralized systems of forest governance.
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The Boomerang - When Will the Global Forest Sector Reallocate from the South to the North? Sten Nilsson - IIASA
This paper examines the commonly held notion that the forest sector in the south will dominate in the future by addressing issues such as climate change, increasing demands for food as global development accelerates, and the pursuit of alternative fuel sources. |
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A Field Report Keith Barney
This report documents the contemporary ecological, social and economic transformations occurring in one village in Lao PDR’s central Khammouane province under multiple sources of development-induced displacement. Rural development policy in Laos is focused on promoting rapid rural modernisation, to be achieved through foreign direct investments in two key resource sectors: hydropower and plantations. Laos’ land reform program is also a key component of the changes underway in the countryside, as swidden (or shifting) upland cultivation is targeted for stabilisation and elimination. |
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Alain Karsenty - CIRAD
Concessions in Africa have a long history and mixed records. From the 1980-90’s onwards, concessions were gradually requested to bear new responsibilities, previously carried out by governments, such as the management of production forests and the oversight of some parts of the territories where forest concessions are prominent. The concessions sector is still dominated by the Europeans, but with an increasing prominence of Asian companies, which are already dominant in Equatorial Guinea, CAR and South-Congo. There is, however, a room and a need for diversification of forest tenure models, which might be seen as complementary rather, at least for the foreseeable future, than alternatives competing with the current system. |
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Small and Medium Forest Enterprises: Instruments of Change in the Developing World Robert Kozak - University of British Columbia
Small and medium forest enterprises (SMFEs) are seen important elements of strategies aimed at pro-poor economic growth in developing regions. They are characterized by a diverse range of stakeholders, actors, businesses, structures, networks, products, and services. Unfortunately, little has been done in the way of quantifying the contributions of these enterprises to economic growth and employment. This report recommends that concerted research efforts be undertaken to better understand the size, scope, characteristics, and dynamics of this sector and that this information be used to inform civil society, development agencies, and governments on devising and implementing appropriate interventions and policy reforms aimed at reducing poverty in the forest dependent communities of the developing world. |
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An investigation into forest ownership and customary land rights in Liberia Liz Alden Wily - SDI Liberia, FERN
This landmark study sets out the confusions and conundrums of forest tenure in Liberia today and develops clear recommendations towards solving potential conflicts over natural resources. |
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Community-Based Forest Enterprises in Tropical Forest Countries: Status and Potential Augusta Molnar, Megan Liddle, Carina Bracer, Arvind Khare, Andy White, Justin Bull - ITTO, Rights and Resources, Forest Trends
Like all forest enterprises, community forestry enterprises (CFEs) have a mixed record, with numerous cases of successes as well as failures. As the experience in developed countries attest, SMEs can emerge and flourish where the tenure and policy frameworks allow them to exist legally and compete fairly with large-scale enterprises. Unfortunately, only a few tropical countries have had favourable conditions in place for a sufficiently long time to enable their development or viability. This study identifies some shared trends for the emergence and development of CFEs in a range of different tropical countries that indicate a high level of promise overall.
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Transitions in Forest Tenure and Governance: Drivers, Projected Patterns and Implications - Rights and Resources
Major shifts in the global economy, as well as in social, political and ecological systems are affecting forests and forest livelihoods such that future challenges in the forest sector will be quite distinct from those faced in the past. The forest sector is now more embedded in the global economy than ever before, and the influence of other sectors on forests, forest peoples and forest industry will similarly be much greater in the future than in the past. This paper briefly presents our perspectives on: (1) major drivers shaping forest tenure and governance, (2) projected patterns by 2020 and (3) the implications of these transitions for those concerned with forest livelihoods and conservation today. |
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Convergence of the Fuel, Food and Fiber Markets - Summary A Forest Sector Perspective Don G. Roberts - CIBC World Markets, Rights and Resources
The biofuels sector will continue to experience significant growth over the coming decades, and over time its development will lead to a convergence of the markets for fuel, food and fiber (e.g. wood). This is a summary of the full paper prepared for the conference "Towards a New Global Forest Agenda", held in Stockholm in October 2007. |
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Climate Change and Governance in the Forest Sector - Summary Carmenza Robledo, Juergen Blaser, Kaspar Schimdt, Tamara Levine - Intercooperation, Rights and Resources
A background paper for the conference "Towards a New Global Forest Agenda" held in Stockholm, Sweden in October 2007. |
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The Impact of Regulatory Takings by the Chinese State on Rural Land Tenure and Property Rights Li Ping - Rural Development Institute
This paper will introduce and discuss regulatory takings laws in the US and some European countries. It makes a series of recommendations on legislative reforms in China’s regulatory takings regime taking into account the unique characteristics of China’s property rights institution. |
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Forest Related Conflict: Impacts, Links and Measures to Mitigate - Summary Ruben de Koning, Doris Capistrano, Yurdi Yasmi - CIFOR, Rights and Resources
A background paper for the conference "Towards a New Global Forest Agenda", held in Stockholm, Sweden in October 2007. |
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Rights, Tenure, Governance and a More Pro-poor Vision for Conservation - Summary Gill Shepherd, Bob Fisher, Stewart Maginnis, Jeffrey Sayer - IUCN, Rights and Resources
A background paper for the conference "Towards a New Global Forest Agenda", held in Stockholm, Sweden in October 2007. |
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Poverty, Rights and Tenure on Forest Lands Priority Actions for Achieving Solutions William D. Sunderlin - Rights and Resources
A background paper for the conference "Towards a New Global Forest Agenda", held in Stockholm in October 2007. |
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Beyond Tenure: Rights-based Approaches to Peoples and Forests - Summary Marcus Colchester - Forest Peoples Programme, Rights and Resources
A background paper for the conference "Towards a New Global Forest Agenda", held in Stockholm, Sweden in October 2007. |
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The Dispute Resolution Process in Relation to Logging Permits in China Li Ping - Rural Development Institute
This paper examines the dispute resolution experiences in the US, UK and Ireland with respect to denial of applications for logging permits, and its possible application to China. |
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Community-Based Forest Enterprises in Tropical Forest Countries - Full Report with Annexes Augusta Molnar, Megan Liddle, Carina Bracer, Arvind Khare, Andy White, Justin Bull - ITTO, Rights and Resources, Forest Trends
Like all forest enterprises, community forestry enterprises (CFEs) have a mixed record, with numerous cases of successes as well as failures. As the experience in developed countries attest, SMEs can emerge and flourish where the tenure and policy frameworks allow them to exist legally and compete fairly with large-scale enterprises. Unfortunately, only a few tropical countries have had favorable conditions in place for a sufficiently long time to enable their development or viability. This study identifies some shared trends for the emergence and development of CFEs in a range of different tropical countries that indicate a high level of promise overall.
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Land, Forest and People: Facing the Challenges in South-East Asia Listening, Learning and Sharing Asia Final Report Marcus Colchester, Chip Fay - FPP, ICRAF
Over the past 20 years, the region reviewed in this report - South East Asia stretching from Laos across to Indonesia - has experienced major changes in forest cover, social development and forest policy. Natural forests have shrunk dramatically and continue to be degraded and cleared at startling rates. Forest areas set aside for protection have increased. At the same time large areas of land and forest have been ‘converted’ to timber plantations and estate crops. During the same period, both for better and for worse, the forest peoples who inhabit these areas have also been through tumultuous changes. |
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Li Ping, Zhu Keliang - Rural Development Institute, Rights and Resources
Based on extensive desk research and fieldwork in three provinces, this paper reviews and analyzes the development of the Chinese regulatory frameworks that govern forest tenure. Special attention is paid to farmers’ rights to collective forestland and forest products, and a particular focus is given to the current legal regime on farmers’ tenure rights to forestland. |
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Organization and Governance for Fostering Pro-Poor Compensation for Environmental Services Carina Bracer, Sara Scherr, Augusta Molnar, Madhushree Sekher, Benson Owuor Ochieng, Gaya Sriskanthan - Forest Trends, Ecoagriculture Partners, Rights and Resources, Centre for Ecological Economics & Natural Resources, African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), World Conservation Union
To increase potential for pro-poor outcomes of CRES, the opportunity for local conditions to define the supporting institutional structures and norms that surround CRES is critical. There are a wide range of institutional models of CRES that can benefit the poor, and these tend to include features such as: building upon and strengthening existing institutions of the poor, allowing flexibility in land use options and in the timeframe for adoption and adaptation of land use, simplification of monitoring and reporting to fit local capacity, and orientation and training of intermediary organizations who serve as brokers to the poor and help them to aggregate supply of CRES services. |
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Local forest-based enterprises Supporting the livelihoods of the poor? - Info Resources
The development of local forest-based enterprises represents an opportunity for strengthening the livelihoods of poor, forest-dependent people, at the same time providing an economic incentive to conserve forests through sustainable management. Is this potential being put into practice? |
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Where in the world is there pro-poor forest policy and tenure reform? Mary Hobley
Many countries are now recognizing community ownership and devolving forest responsibilities to local jurisdictions. This transition in ownership is both a response to rights-based movements to increase local ownership and access to forest resources and a strategic policy shift responding to the widespread failure of governments to avoid deforestation, control illegal activities or generate the desired equity of benefits under systems of state forest ownership and control. This transition varies from one country to another based on the biophysical, economic, social or historical reality. Yet there is much that one country and citizenry can learn from the experience of others regarding policy choices and the pace or strategy of reform. |
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- The Rainforests Foundation, Forests Monitor
This report addresses the issues surrounding sustainability and the impacts of the industrial logging concession system in several Central African countries and elsewhere. Based on the contributions of experts from various backgrounds (NGOs, research bodies, government organizations), the report aims to bring these issues to the attention of national decision-makers and international community representatives, highlighting the system’s pitfalls as well as the policy options available that could avert or remedy some of these problems. |
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Towards Wellbeing in Forest Communities a source book for local government - Center for International Forestry Research
Governments in many countries are decentralizing to give more control over decision-making and budgets to local administrators. Decentralization is especially significant to forest communities, which have historically benefited little from government services and poverty reduction programs. This source book was written for local governments and their partners who hope to respond to the needs of forest communities and improve their wellbeing. |
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Multi-country analysis of spatial association and proposed policy solutions William D. Sunderlin, Sonya Dewi, Atie Puntodewo - CIFOR, World Agroforestry Center, Rights and Resources Initiative
This paper examines poverty and deforestation in developing countries as linked problems and focuses on policies that can favour poverty alleviation in forested regions. The paper encompasses two elements: analysis of the spatial coincidence between poverty and forests, and proposed policy options for reducing poverty in forested areas.
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Better access and secure rights for poor people - DFID
This paper demonstrates the importance of land tenure in livelihoods and development, and outlines the British Department for International Development's approach to land issues. The document details that if land and property are clear and secure, they can help to boost economic growth, tackle inequality and reduce poverty. |
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- SIDA
This paper outlines Sida’s position on natural resource tenure and provides guidance for activities where tenure issues are at stake. Rather than providing solutions, the paper aims to support Sida staff and partners in their own analysis and dialogue, and in their development and implementation of policies and programmes. |
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Land and Resource Alienation in Cambodia Shalmali Guttal - Focus on the Global South
Ask any Cambodian what s/he considers to be the foundation of society and life in Cambodia and the answer is likely to be “land.” As in most other places, land is an extremely important economic resource or asset in Cambodia. Land is livelihood. But equally, land is valued as an emblem of rootedness, belonging and stability, and is widely regarded as the very basis of social organisation in the country. Today, at least a third of Cambodia's peoples - rural and urban - are being systematically alienated from their lands, homes and livelihoods. In many instances communities are losing lands and access to natural resources because of economic and demographic pressures. But equally, people are being dispossessed from their lands by those with political power and money. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the growing crisis of land and resource alienation in Cambodia. |
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between poverty alleviation and market forces Jean-Laurent Pfund, Patrick Robinson - Intercooperation
Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are increasingly recognized for their important roles in forest management around the world. While generally associated with protection, biodiversity and recreation in the North, NTFPs play significant roles for local communities in the South and East, including home consumption and production for local or regional markets. These articles draw on experiences from around the world to examine the relationship of NTFPs to development, poverty alleviation and conservation. |
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Poverty and Conservation Landscapes, People and Power R.J. Fisher, Stewart Maginnis, W.J. Jackson, Edmund Barrow, Sally Jeanrenaud - IUCN
Integrated approaches to conservation and development cannot promise perfect win-win solutions. Pure conservation-focused interventions seldom deliver perfect conservation outcomes either. It is time to look for the best possible outcomes, bearing in mind principles of equity. This implies genuine shared decision-making and participation by local communities in land-use decisions. Participatory decision-making involves the willingness of outsiders to negotiate land-use objectives and ways to meet those objectives. |
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Forests in Landscapes: Ecosystem Approaches to Sustainability Jeffrey Sayer, Stewart Maginnis - IUCN, Earthscan
Edited by Jeffrey Sayer and Stewart Maginnis. Throughout the world there has been a re-examination of who makes decisions about forests and how these decisions are made. Attempts have been made to establish a global regulatory framework for forests through existing and proposed intergovernmental agreements, principles and broadly-accepted criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. In parallel there has been a strong tendency towards more participatory, localized decision-making. |
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Recent Experience in Collaborative Forest Management CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 43 Jane Carter, Jane Gronow
Collaborative forest management (CFM) is loosely defined as a working partnership between the key stakeholders in the management of a given forest—key stakeholders being local forest users and state forest departments, as well as parties such as local governments, civic groups and nongovernmental organisations, and the private sector. The paper reviews worldwide experience in CFM to date, considering the forms that it takes in different tenure situations. Overall, mechanisms of CFM are diversifying, reflecting a greater recognition of the need for partnerships in forest management. |
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A Study for Linking Poverty Reduction with Forest Conservation in Lao PDR Jason Morris, Emily Hicks, Andrew Ingles, Sounthone Ketphanh
Recent studies have shown that rural villagers derive nearly half their income from the sale of NTFPs, including rattan, bamboo and yangtree oil. NTFPs also play a vital role in food security, particularly at the end of the dry season and during times of harvest failure. Forest tubers, bamboo shoots, mushrooms, a range of forest plants, fish, turtles and snails are all collected for food. In many parts of the lowland plains, fish and other living aquatic resources provide between 70 and 90 per cent of the animal protein in the diet of local people. |
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A Review of the Global Debate on Tenure Security Lynn Ellsworth - Ford Foundation
This paper illustrates that there is no single form of tenure, no particular pattern of property rights, that is uniquely associated with the most effective management of forest lands. In fact, underlying property ownership regimes have been changing continuously in most countries over long periods of time. Of particular importance is her assertion that the increasingly influential neoliberal property rights school of analysis “over-emphasizes” the virtues of property rights defined in terms of market trading. Effective markets for land are often nonexistent or flawed. |
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Strengthening Community Tenure Security and Community Livelihoods Lynn Ellsworth, Andy White - Ford Foundation
This paper highlights the distinct sets of actors who can become engaged in activities designed to improve tenure security; they include activists and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), public law groups, community development and training organizations, policy groups, and government agencies. The range of actions that they undertake include mapping and demarcating lands, mobilizing around their legalization, bringing suits in support of the residents on the lands, lobbying for legislative changes, and building the capacity of local groups to undertake many of these activities. |
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Who Conserves the World's Forests? Augusta Molnar, Sara J. Scherr, Arvind Khare - Forest Trends
The dramatic and continued shift in forest and landscape boundaries and in tenure and customary rights, combined with emerging new markets for forest products and ecosystem services, creates new challenges as well as new opportunities for people and for forest conservation. Enabling communities to conserve implies new management approaches, new research models, new models of organization and capacity-building and new relations between local people and the state. But creating an enabling environment also has a large payoff, both in conservation and in community well-being. |
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Andy White, Alejandra Martin - Forest Trends
This growing global recognition of the importance of property rights is mirrored by longstanding preoccupation with rights issues at local levels. The questions of who owns the forests, who claims them, who has access to them and further, who should own them, are hotly contested in many forest regions of the world. These are often the primary concerns of local people most directly dependent on forest resources. |
El Fondo cooperativo para el carbono de los bosques (FCPF)
Le Fonds de partenariat pour le carbone forestier
Forest Governance in Countries with Federal Systems of Government - Brief
2007 CFE Conference - Case Study Agrofort
2007 CFE Conference - Amani Butterfly Forest-based Enterprise
2007 CFE Conference - Civil Society for Arbol Verde Development
2007 CFE Conference: Including the Excluded
2007 CFE Conference - Case Study of the Agro-forestry Cooperative of the Tri-National
2007 CFE Conference - Community Forest Development in Guatemala
2007 CFE Conference: Supporting Livelihoods through Employment
2007 CFE Conference - A Brief History of the COATLAHL Cooperative
2007 CFE Conference: One Small Peasant Village’s Grand Forest Industry
2007 CFE Conference - Community Forest Enterprises: A Case Study of the Gambia
2007 CFE Conference: Forest Management in the Community Enterprise of Santa Catarina Ixtepeji
2007 CFE Conference - Community Forestry Benefits Customary Landowners
2007 CFE Conference: Payments for environmental services in San Nicolas, Colombia
2007 CFE Conference: Country Case Study, Quintana Roo, Mexico
2007 CFE Conference: PingShang Bamboo Group
2007 CFE Conference - Behind the Fragile Enterprise
2007 CFE Conference - Community Based Forest Enterprises in Cameroon
2007 CFE Conference: From subsistence harvesters to market players
2007 CFE Conference - Case Study of Mamiraua, Brazil
2007 CFE Conference: The New Oil Economy of the Rural Poor
Empresas Forestales Comunitarias en Países Forestales Tropicales: Situación Actual y en Potencia
Entreprises forestières communautaires dans les pays forestiers tropicaux: Situation et potentialites
Infobrief: Poverty and Forests
